development of nuclear fuel cycle enterprises The nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) is a set of operations and technology the logic of extraction and fabrication of fuel for nuclear reactors, using fuel handling in nuclear reactors, its storage and processing. In Russia, nuclear fuel cycle enterprises are united becoming OJSC Atomenergoprom, which is part of the …
nuclear fuel After the SNF is delivered to its final destination, it is again placed are in the storage – to further reduce the level of radioactivity and heat dissipation. This is a necessary step in working with fuel before sending for reprocessing, since a lower level of radioactive sti means a higher degree of safety …
After the final quality control, the fuel assemblies are go to nuclear power plants. They are placed in the core fission, during which fission products accumulate in it – those the very fragments into which the 235 U nucleus decays . These are isotopes of products from zinc to dysprosium, most often radioactive. Most of the Radionuclides 90 Sr, 131 I, 137 Cs are known fission products . In …
The manufacture of nuclear fuel begins with a chemical conversion enriched uranium hexafluoride into uranium dioxide UO 2 . This pro The process can be carried out in two main ways. The first of them is called “wet” technology and consists in dissolving hexafluoride in water, alkali precipitation of polyuranates and calcining them in a hydrogen atmosphere. The second technology …
In nature, uranium is found in various ores. Ore includes It contains a base – a host rock and a mineral containing uranium. In total, about 300 uranium and uranium-containing minerals are known, but only a small part of them (about 15) is the basis of industrial production (Figure 3.1). Figure 3.1 – Uranium minerals Ores …
Uranium is the 92nd element of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, a member of the actinides, a metal with an atomic mass of 238.029 and a density 19 g / cm 3 (1 liter of uranium metal has a mass of 19 kg!). Radius of ato ma of uranium is 0.14 nm. Isotopic composition of natural uranium: 238 U (half-life T 1/2 = 4.5 billion …
Traditional thermal power plants require fuel to operate (gas, coal, fuel oil, peat, etc.). Nuclear power plants also require there is a special nuclear fuel – uranium. However, in uranium the energy is in a “concentrated” state, in other words, it is is an extremely energy – intensive material. For example, with full burnup of 1 kilogram of uranium with fissile isotope …
The next post-Chernobyl five-year period (1991-1996) took place already under the influence of other crises. The ensuing political crisis (collapse of the USSR, change of the political system in Eastern Europe ne, etc.) led to the shutdown of 6 power units in Germany, difficulties the functioning of nuclear power in a number of countries, primarily Ukraine, …
Nuclear energy specialists have not yet managed to contribute anything to information flows flowing into the Union, republican and local councils, as well as influence in some way on the powerful anti- a nuclear media campaign when the authorities different levels began to make dramatic decisions. Among them the decree of the government of Armenia of …
The event that happened at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is by no means a Xia the first major radiation accident. March 28, 1979 at the nuclear power plant Three Mile Island (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA) occurred accident, which is the second largest in the history of world nuclear noisy energy. It led to, albeit small, but still …
